# 6.12 – Engineering Dashboard
The Engineering Dashboard allows the user to run torque & drag, hydraulics, surge and swab, BHA analysis and kick tolerance calculations on the wells and plans in their server database, and compare these simulations with real world data.
The Dashbaord is split into two sections - Inputs and Results. These sections can be displayed independently or at the same time by toggling the 'Inputs' and 'Results' buttons in the menu.
## 6.12.1 – Ribbon Menu - Inputs
When only ‘Inputs’ is selected to be displayed in the ribbon menu, the options below are available.
**Refresh:** Refreshes the data in the input tables
**Save:** This option is only available when changes have been made and not yet saved. It saves any modifications made in the input tables
**Discard:** This option is only available when changes have been made and not yet saved. It discards any modifications made in the input tables
If a changed has been made and not save yet, this warning will be displayed underneath the menu.
**Calc Type:** When a calculation type is selected from the dropdown menu, all inputs that affect the selected calculation type are highlighted in green. The user can choose between Hydraulics, Torque & Drag, Surge & Swab, BHA Analysis and Well control.
## 6.12.2 – Ribbon Menu - Results
When only **Results** is selected for display, the user can choose from the available options to navigate to the desired results, print reports, and configure their preferences.
### 6.12.2.1 - Dashboard
When Dashboard is selected, results are displayed in card format. Each card size can be adjusted by clicking and dragging its corners, or using the half/full width option in the option bar of the card.
**Filters:** Only available on Dashboard view. The user can filter the displayed cards by selecting the desired options. Multiple filters can be applied simultaneously.
**Card Selection:** Only available on Dashboard view. The user can select which cards to display by toggling them within this dropdown menu. The number displayed next to each section indicates how many cards are currently selected for that category.
Layout templates can be saved, imported, exported, deleted and renamed by clicking on  and selecting the desired option. The user can also reset layout by selecting ‘Reset Layout'.
### 6.12.2.2 – Charts
When the Chart option is selected, each chart will be displayed using the full screen area available.
**Engineering Charts:** By choosing an option in this menu, the screen will navigate to the selected chart.
### 6.12.2.3 – Dashboard or Charts
**Print:** This option opens the Print Report dialog, where the user can choose to generate Hydraulics, Torque & Drag, Well Control, or BHA Analysis reports in PDF format. The user can customise the report content by selecting or deselecting the relevant checkboxes.
The user can also add, import, export save or delete templates.
**Diagnostic:** This option prints a Hydraulics Diagnostic Report in txt. format
**Preferences:** Marking the checkboxes will display these options
* **Data Grids:** Will toggle from the chart view to data grids view.
* **Casing:** Adds lines to the chart to represent the casing shoe depths entered in the Hole Section table.
* **Legend:** Toggles the legend to the right of each chart on/off.
* **Labels:** Adds labels to the results.
* **Shade Buckling:** This will shade the area to the left of the buckling lines on these charts. Available on Drillers Hookloads, On Bottom Tension Snapshot, Off Bottom Tension Snapshot and Kick Tolerance.
**Real Time Data:** User can control what real time data is displayed in the charts
* **Refresh:** This is used in conjunction with the Show Slide Sheet Parameters and Show WITS Data options. If any Slide Sheet or WITS data associated with the current well is updated, the user will need to click the Refresh button to update the charts.
* **Select BHAs:** Only relevant if Slide Sheet or WITS Data are toggled on. Allows the user to choose which BHA(s) have their real time data displayed on the chart. The user can toggle on multiple BHAs at the same time.
* **Slide Sheet:** Toggle on to display drilling parameter data recorded in the Slide Sheet page on the chart. If the data in the Slide Sheet page is updated, the charts must be refreshed by clicking on the Refresh button.
* **Display as Points/Line:** Slide Sheet data can be displayed as points or lines by choosing between these options.
* **WITS Data:** Toggle on display WITS data on the chart. Requires WITS data for the well to be stored in the Data Acquisition system. If the stored WITS data is updated, the charts must be refreshed by clicking on the Refresh button.
* **Display as Points/Line:** WITS data can be displayed as points or lines by choosing between these options.
* **Depth Limits:** Only relevant if Show WITS Data is toggled on. Allows the user to restrict the WITS data to only be displayed in the selected measured depth range.
* **Depth Interval:** Determines the interval between real time data points displayed. For example, a value of 500 displays a data point every 500 meters or feet measured depth. This can help soften the appearance of noisy data.
## 6.12.3 – Ribbon Menu - Inputs + Results
When both Inputs and Results are selected, the users have the ability to split the page either vertically or horizontally, similar to other dashboards on Vantage,
The ribbon menu will also have all the options for both inputs and results rearranged together with the addition of Split button.
## 6.12.4 – Inputs
Inputs for the Engineering model are entered in the Input section on the left or top of the screen, depending on how the screen is split. Before entering any inputs, the user should first create or select an Engineering case in the **Selected Case** section.
### 6.12.4.1 – Errors & Warnings
If an error or warning event occurs while the Engineering Dashboard is running calculations, a notification will be displayed in this grid.
The grid displays the severity (error or warning), calculation type, and a description of the issue. The user can filter the results using the filter controls at the top of each column or by selecting the icons at the top of the grid. Hovering over an icon will display a tooltip indicating the name of the filter. This pane can be collapsed and expanded using the arrow icon in the top right of the display.
### 6.12.4.2 – Selected Case
Different Engineering setups for the well are stored in the Vantage as cases. Before any inputs are entered, a case needs to be selected in the **Engineering Case** field.
If the user selects a well that does not yet have an engineering case, the system will automatically generate a case named **Auto Generated Case**, which can then be selected from the dropdown. Auto Generated Cases cannot be edited, but they can be copied and used as a starting point for running a manually entered case if desired.
A new case can be created by clicking on the  icon, or deleted by clicking on the  icon.
Click on the  icon to create a copy of the selected case.
Clicking on the  icon enables the user to import a case from another well within the server. The user may search for cases using the search bar located on the top of the dialog by filtering via the column headers. Once the desired case has been identified, the user can select it and click the **Import** button to complete the action.
### 6.12.4.3 – Case Details
After a case has been selected, the other inputs can be entered / edited.
**Description:** User can input the case description/name in this field.
To rename the selected case, change it to the desired name and select the save icon in the ribbon menu.
**Active:** Enabling this option designates the currently selected case as the active case. When the Engineering Dashboard for the well is opened, it will default to this active case. This is also the case that will be displayed in the Operations Dashboard within the Engineering card.
**Trajectory:** This dropdown allows the user to select between **Composite, Surveys,** or **Plan.** When **Composite** or **Plan** is selected, an additional dropdown labelled **Well Plan** is displayed. When **Surveys** is selected, an edit icon  becomes available, allowing the user to add, delete, or edit existing surveys for the well, in the same way it can be done in the Surveys page.\
Clicking on the  icon will open the Tortuosity Editor dialog where the user can add tortuosity to better simulate real life conditions if desired.
If the user selects the active checkbox on a row, the tortuosity will be applied in that depth range specified by the start and end depth. When no active box is selected, tortuosity will be added to all surveys in the table.
The user can also select the method between Random Inc Dependent Azi, Random Inc Azi or Sinusoidal.
In the Period cell, the user can input the length of one cycle of tortuosity. Cycles of tortuosity are repeated down the length of the depth range. Only utilized when Sinusoidal is selected as the method.
**Well Plan:** The user can select the plan under that well. Only available when Plan or Composite is selected in the Trajectory dropdown.
**BHA:** Select the drill string that will be used for this case. Strings created in the Drill String page for the well will be available in this dropdown. The components for the selected drill string will populate the Drill String table in the Input Tables section. Similar to Engineering Case options, BHA has the same buttons to edit, add, delete, duplicate and import the BHAs
Clicking on the  icon will open the BHA Editor dialog, where the user can rename or edit the selected string.
Within this dialog, the user can add, delete, or edit components and their properties. The user can also display the component catalog, inventory, and schematic, arranged either horizontally or vertically by selecting the appropriate options in the top menu.
**Hole Section:** Loads in a previously created Wellbore. This option allows the user to store multiple wellbores under the same case, so that they can quickly switch between different casing configurations. A new wellbore can be created by clicking on the  icon, copied by clicking on  icon or deleted by clicking on the  icon. Click on the  icon to open the Hole Section Editor for the currently loaded wellbore, where the user can rename it, edit and show/hide the well schematic.
### 6.12.4.4 – Calculation Settings
The values input here will be used to run the calculations.
**Calc Depth:** This is the depth at which the calculation will be run and the depth at which snap shot calculations will be performed. This depth must be within the range of the surveys/plan/composite selection for a directional well.
: Clicking on this icon will set the Calc Depth value to the deepest depth of the selected trajectory.
**Step Length:** The calculation interval, usually one stand is sufficient.
**Block Weight:** When the well has a rig selected in the Wells Dashboard, the Block Weight will populate automatically. This value can only be adjusted in the Rigs Dialog. When a rig is not selected for the well in question, this input is manually editable.
**Rig Name:** This cell is automatically populated based on the rig which has been selected in the Wells Dashboard.
**Depth Range:** If enabled, the start depth/end depth parameters will represent the min/max Y axis values on the chart.
### 6.12.4.5 – Parameters
After the case has been set up, the user can begin entering parameters. Depending on the calculation types that interest the user, not all of the input parameters are necessary required.
**WOB Rotate:** The weight on bit while rotary drilling.
**WOB Slide:** The weight on bit when sliding.
**RPM:** The rotational speed of the drill string at surface. Effects standpipe pressure results, reaming hookloads and reaming torques. Must be > 0 for drillers torque charts to generate.
**ROP:** Rate of penetration. This is used to calculate the cuttings loaded (Dirty) ECD’s, hole cleaning parameters, and is part of the casing wear calculation.
**Flow Rate:** Used for hydraulics and T\&D. Multiple flow rates for a sensitivity analysis can be entered on the hydraulics tab.
**Tripping Speed:** Used for calculating Surge & Swab. If a sensitivity analysis is required then multiple tripping speeds can be entered on the Surge & Swab parameters tab.
**Reaming Speed:** Used for axial component when calculating reaming hookloads and reaming torques.
### 6.12.4.6 – Fluids
**Name:** Enter a descriptive name for the drilling fluid used in the case.
**Weight:** The density of the drilling mud.
**PV:** Mud plastic viscosity. Only used if Bingham plastic hydraulics model is selected.
**YP:** Mud yield point. Only used if Bingham Plastic hydraulics model is selected.
**600 – 3:** Rheology values. Display if the Hydraulics Model selection is Power Law, Herschel Bulkley, or Robertson Stiff.
**Auto NK:** Allows user to manually specify hydraulic N & K parameters. Advanced use only: recommend keeping on auto.
### 6.12.4.7 – Specific Parameters
In this grid we have tabs for specific calculation parameters, Hydraulics, T\&D, Surge & Swab, Casing Standoff, Well Control and BHA Analysis.
#### 6.12.4.7.1 – Hydraulics
**Model:** Choose between Bingham Plastic, Power Law, Herschel Bulkley or Robertson Stiff. Bingham plastic uses PV, YP and mud weight, while all other models use Mud Rheology and Mud Weight.
**Surface P Loss:** The pressure loss through the surface equipment. This value is added to the total standpipe pressure calculated by the model.
**ECD Adjust:** Used to manually shift the calculated ECD by a fixed value. Used to calibrate model with downhole PWD tools. Advanced use only.
**SPP Safety:** Pump pressure safety margin. Increases the calculated pump pressure by the entered percentage.
**Inc. Stabs:** Specifies if stabilizer dimensions are taken in to account in ECD and pump pressure calculations. Usually only has a small impact on overall results.
**Flow Rates:** Enter multiple pump flow rates to run a sensitivity analysis.
#### 6.12.4.7.2 – T\&D
**Auto Bit TQ:** When toggled on, the torque generated by the bit is calculated automatically using the bit OD and the WOB. Toggle off to enter a user defined Bit TQ value.
**Bit TQ:** Specifies the torque generated by the bit.
**Viscous Drag:** When toggled on, include viscous drag for hookload calculations. Usually this is not required.
**Casing Wear Factor:** Used in the casing wear calculation, a higher value indicates a more abrasive material. A value of 0.3-0.5 is normal for WBM/ OBM and steel tool joints. A value of 1500 would be used if rough carbide wear bands are used or high sand content mud.
**SF Unit Length:** Defines the length over which side force is calculated. For casing wear predictions, this should typically be set per tool joint.
**Overpull:** The overpull applied to the assembly when pulling out of hole.
**Friction Factors:** Enter the friction factors that will be for the torque and drag modelling. Each friction factor has a value for cased hole and a value for open hole.
#### 6.12.4.7.3 – Surge & Swab
**Calc Type:** Specifies if the surge and swab calculation to be carried out is Open or Closed Ended. If modelling for a casing or liner assembly and close ended is used, the pressure loss through the float / shoe is taken into account.
**Reference:** Specifies if the reference will be Bit, Shoe, Bottom Hole or User Defined.
* **Bit** – Uses the Calculation Depth from the Calculation Settings section.
* **Shoe** – Uses the shoe depth of the deepest casing. taken from the Hole Section table.
* **Bottom Hole** – Uses the deepest depth in the Trajectory selection.
* **User Defined** – Enables the **Reference Depth** field where the user can enter a custom reference point.
**Min EMW:** Represents the minimum equivalent mud weight seen at the bit during tripping. Used for max tripping speed calculations. Usually calculated by pore pressure plus safety factor
**Max EMW**: Represents the maximum equivalent mud weight seen at the bit during tripping. Used for max tripping speed calculations. Usually calculated by fracture gradient minus safety factor.
**Continuous Circ:** Used to model coiled tubing. Assumes circulation while tripping, this means that swab affects will be less and surge effects will be more depending on flow rate. The first flow rate in the Flow Rates table is used to determine the annular velocity generated by the circulating fluid.
**Continuous Trip:** This option assumes continuous tripping, and as a result will only calculate one acceleration phase (on the first stand length) and one deceleration phase (on the last stand length). This option is best used to model coiled tubing.
**Inc. Gels:** Include the additional pressure required to break down the gels. This is normally fairly small.
**Pipe Accel:** This option allows the user to include or exclude pipe acceleration. When this is included, the calculation will use an acceleration and deceleration phase for each stand length. When it is not included, the Trip Speeds table will be used for the whole stand with no acceleration or deceleration phase.
**Use Bit TFA:** This option allows the user to use the bit TFA when running open ended surge and swab calculations. This will only work for assemblies which have a bit and a TFA entered. When this selection is off, the Engineering Dashboard uses the internal diameter of the last component.
**Trip Speed:** Enter the pipe tripping speeds that will be used for the hydraulics modelling.
#### 6.12.4.7.4 – Casing Standoff
**Standoff Required:** The percentage standoff required. This will display as a single threshold on the casing standoff results chart.
**Lead Cement Wt:** Density of the lead cement.
**Tail Cement Wt:** Density of the tail cement.
**Flotation Fluid Wt:** Density of the floatation fluid.
#### 6.12.4.7.5 – Well Control
**LOT/ FIT:** The leak off or formation integrity test pressure, expressed in EMW.
**Gas Gradient:** The expected pressure gradient of the influx fluid.
**Kick Intensity:** The difference between the maximum predicted pore pressure and the mud weight, in EMW.
**Safety Margin:** The safety margin in pressure units.
**Pit Gain:** The expected pit gain before the well is shut in.
**Kick Tolerance Limits:** Enter the kick tolerance limits for the case. By default the values on the table will be the same as the image below. The names of the first three warnings levels cannot be changed. New warning levels can be added, but will be coloured green on the Kick Tolerance results chart.
#### 6.12.4.7.6 – BHA Analysis
**Critical RPM**\
**Variable:** Select the input parameter that will be varied. Users have a choice between WOB or Inclination. When WOB is chosen, the model will be run at the inclination of the wellbore at the Calculation Depth. If Inclination is chosen, the model will run at the WOB set in the Input Parameters section. The results chart Y-Axis label will change to show the chosen parameter.\
**Start/End INC:** If Inclination is selected in the Variable option above, enter the range of inclination values that will be modelled.\
**Start/End WOB:** If WOB is selected in the Variable option above, enter the range of WOB values that will be modelled.
**Directional Tendency**\
**Variable:** Select the input parameter that will be varied. Users have a choice between WOB or motor bend.\
**Rotating:** If checked will include an additional set of series in the results for the expected rotary build rates.\
**Start/ End WOB:** If WOB is selected in the Variable option above, enter the range of WOB values that will be modelled.\
**Start/End Motor Bend:** If motor bend is selected in the Variable option above, enter the range of motor bend values that will be modelled.\
Start/ End Inc: Enter the range of inclination values that will be modelled
## 6.12.5 – Results
Once the user has entered all of the relevant data into the Input Parameters and Input Tables sections, they can now run the Engineering case and generate results.
Click on the **Calculate** or **Save** icons in the ribbon menu. This will populate the results charts. If any changes are made to the inputs, the calculate or save button will need to be clicked again to recalculate the case results.
The results charts can be exported by clicking in the Print button as explained in the section 6.12.2 above or by right click in the chart area and choosing either ‘save image as’ or ‘copy image’ from the context menu.
Clicking in the  icon in the top right side of each chart will print the data grid of the chart in Excel format.
Hovering over the  icon will display a tool tip for the chart.
### 6.12.5.1 – Pump Pressure
This chart displays the standpipe pressure (SPP) expected at surface when the bit is at the depth specified on the Y-Axis. There will be a line displayed for each of the flowrates entered in the Flow Rates input table. Slide Sheet and EDR data can be overlaid on this chart.
### 6.12.5.2 – ECD
This chart displays the following lines for each of the flowrates entered in the Flow Rates input table:
**Clean ECD:** The ECD at the end of the string, when the bit is at the depth specified on the Y-Axis, based on a cuttings-free annulus.
**Dirty ECD:** The ECD at the end of the string, when the bit is at the depth specified on the Y-Axis, based on a cuttings-loaded annulus. The volume of cuttings in the annulus is calculated based on the ROP entered in the Drilling Parameters section. If the ROP is entered as zero then the clean and dirty ECD lines will lie on top of each other.
Additionally the **Mud Weight** entered in the Mud section will also be displayed.
### 6.12.5.3 – ECD Snapshot
The ECD snapshot line shows the expected ECD at each point in the annulus when the bit is at the **Calculation Depth** specified in the Case Details section. This line is generated based on a cuttings free annulus, which means that the last point for both the Clean ECD line and the ECD Snapshot line will be the same.
The chart displays a line for each of the flowrates entered in the Flow Rates input table.
### 6.12.5.4 – Minimum Flow for Hole Cleaning
The minimum flow rate plot is a snapshot chart which shows the minimum flow required to keep the hole clean at all points in the wellbore for a range of ROPs at a certain depth. The ROP value in the Drilling Parameters section will be used as the lowest ROP and 4 additional ROP values that are 125%, 150%, 200% & 250% larger will be automatically generated.
To interpret the plot, the user needs to find the largest flow rate for any one ROP and that will be the minimum flow that is required at that depth to keep the hole clean. This can be done by hovering the mouse pointers over the desired line. Slide Sheet data can be overlaid on this chart.
### 6.12.5.5 – Annular Velocity
The annular velocity chart is a snapshot plot that displays the annular velocity at all points in the wellbore for a range of flow rates at a given depth.
### 6.12.5.6 – CCI
CCI (Cutting Carrying Index) is a measure of how clean a vertical (0-35° inc) well is.
* 0.5 or less and hole cleaning is poor & problems may be seen.
* Greater than or equal to 1.0 indicates good hole cleaning
Annular Velocity and Mud weight (along with PV & YP values) are used in this calculation. The higher the annular velocity, the higher the CCI.
For sections of the wellbore where the inclination is greater than 35°, hole cleaning should be evaluated using the Cuttings % Chart.
This is a snapshot chart and shows the CCI at all different points in the wellbore when the assembly is at a given depth for various flow rates.
### 6.12.5.7 – Cuttings %
The Cuttings Percentage plot is a snapshot chart that displays the percentage of the annulus occupied by cuttings at all points in the wellbore for a range of flow rates at a given depth and rate of penetration (ROP).
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Values above 5% should be considered indicative of poor hole cleaning conditions.
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Unlike the CCI plot, this measure of hole cleaning is not limited by well inclination and can be applied to any well profile. The calculation is influenced by both ROP and RPM, with higher ROP values resulting in an increase in cuttings percentage.
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To interpret the plot, the user can review the cuttings percentage along the wellbore for each flow rate. By comparing the different curves, the user can assess the effectiveness of hole cleaning and identify conditions where cuttings accumulation may become problematic.
### 6.12.5.8 – Drillers Hookloads
This chart displays the calculated hookload values for slack-off (tripping in), rotating off bottom and pickup (tripping out). For slack-off and pickup, there will be a line represented for each set of friction factors entered in the Friction Factors table. The Y-Axis denotes the bit position.
The minimum weight to helically buckle (tripping in) will also be displayed on this chart. Any tripping in line which crosses this limit will start to experience buckling in the string. At this point it may be difficult to effectively transfer weight down hole and the string may need to be rotated in order to get to bottom. From the chart, you can tell the string depth and hookload when the buckling will occur, but you will not be able to determine where in the string the buckling is occurring. To determine this, consult the on and off bottom tension snapshot charts. Slide Sheet and EDR data can be overlaid on this chart.
### 6.12.5.9 – Calculated Friction Factors
The Calculated Friction Factors chart combines the data entered by the user for the case with recorded WITS and slide sheet data, to calculate friction factors for the well bore.
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The chart will generate two lines based on the Pick Up hookloads and Slack Off hookloads recorded in the slide sheet. This requires drilling parameter data to be recorded in the Slide Sheet page for the well. It will also generate four lines based on WITS data recorded when Picking Up, Slacking Off, Tripping In and Tripping Out. This requires WITS data for the well to be stored in the Data Acquisition section and the operation is automatically determined via the rig states. If the stored drilling parameter or WITS data is updated, the charts must be refreshed by clicking on the Refresh Drilling Parameters button beside the Calculate button.
### 6.12.5.10 – Drillers Torques
This chart displays the on and off bottom torques. For each operation, there will be a line represented for each set of friction factors entered in the Friction Factors table. The Y-Axis denotes the bit position. Slide Sheet and EDR data can be overlaid on this chart.
### 6.12.5.11 – On Btm Tension Snapshot
This chart is a snapshot chart, meaning that the bit depth stays at the calculation depth specified in the Case Details section. The Y-Axis value denotes the position in the drill string, while the X-Axis value shows the tension in the string at that point.
The chart displays the following lines:\
**Rotating on Bottom:** Rotating with the WOB from the Drilling Parameters section applied.\
**Sliding:** A Sliding line will be represented for each of the entered friction factors.\
**Sinusoidal Buckling:** If the Rotating or Sliding lines cross this threshold, the string will experience sinusoidal buckling at that point. The further the line drops below the threshold, the more severe the buckling during the activity in question.\
**Helical Buckling:** If the Rotating or Sliding lines cross this threshold, the string will experience helical buckling at that point. The further the line drops below the threshold, the more severe the buckling during the activity in question.\
**Tensile Limit:** The tensile limit in the component properties for each component in the drill string will be displayed.
### 6.12.5.12 – Off Bottom Tension Snapshot
This chart is a snapshot chart, meaning that the bit depth stays at the calculation depth specified in the Case Details section. The Y-Axis value denotes the position in the drill string, while the X-Axis value shows the tension in the string at that point. The chart displays the following lines:
The chart displays the following lines:\
**Rotating off Bottom:** Rotating off bottom with no WOB applied.\
**Pick-up (PU):** A Pickup line will be represented for each of the entered in the Friction Factors table.\
**Slack-of (SO):** A Slack Off line will be represented for each of the entered in the Friction Factors table.\
**Sinusoidal Buckling:** If the Rotating or Sliding lines cross this threshold, the string will experience sinusoidal buckling at that point. The further the line drops below the threshold, the more severe the buckling during the activity in question.\
**Helical Buckling:** If the Rotating or Sliding lines cross this threshold, the string will experience helical buckling at that point. The further the line drops below the threshold, the more severe the buckling during the activity in question.\
**Tensile Limit:** The tensile limit in the component properties for each component in the drill string will be displayed.
### 6.12.5.13 – Side Force
This chart is a snapshot chart, meaning that the bit depth stays at the calculation depth specified in the Case Details section. The Y-Axis value denotes the position in the drill string, while the X-Axis value shows the side force in the string at that point.
The chart displays the rotating side force along with the pickup and slack off side forces for each set of friction factors entered in the Friction Factors table.
### 6.12.5.14 – Apparent WOB
This chart displays the apparent weight on bit (WOB) required at any given depth to achieve the actual WOB entered in the Drilling Parameters section.
To read the chart the user should select the measured depth of interest and note the apparent WOB for each of the friction factors at that depth. These are the WOB values the driller will need to see at surface in order to achieve the desired actual WOB down hole at the bit.
### 6.12.5.15 – Apparent Overpull
This chart displays the Apparent Overpull (OP) required at any given depth to achieve a user defined Actual OP. The actual OP value used is the OP value entered in the torque and drag section of the T\&D tab.
To read the chart the user should select the measured depth of interest and note the apparent OP for each of the friction factors at that depth. These are the OP values the user will need to register at surface in order to achieve the desired actual OP down hole at the bit. Note that if no overpull value is entered in the torque and drag tab of the input table, then this will model as a vertical line.
### 6.12.5.16 – Pipe Twist
This chart displays the number of completed revolutions that the rotary table must be turned in order to turn the bit. A line will be represented for each of the friction factors entered in the Friction Factors table. The Y-Axis denotes the bit position.
### 6.12.5.17 – Stretch
This chart displays the amount of pipe elongation the user would see when picking up, for each of the friction factors entered in the Friction Factors table. The Y-Axis denotes the bit position.
### 6.12.5.18 – Reaming Hookloads
The Reaming Hookload Chart displays the PU & SO weights seen at surface for any given depth in the section, based on a specific string RPM and pipe speed. If either rpm or pipe speed is modelled as zero, the reaming Hookloads will match the drillers Hookloads. A Reaming PU and SO line will be displayed for each set of friction factors which have been modelled.
### 6.12.5.19 – Reaming Torques
The Reaming Torque Chart displays the PU & SO torques seen at surface for any given depth in the section, based on a specific string RPM and pipe speed. With a pipe speed of zero, both of these lines will mirror the off bottom torque line in the Drillers Torque Chart. PU & SO Torque lines will be displayed for each set of friction factors which have been modelled.
### 6.12.5.20 – Casing Wear
This chart shows the predicted cumulative wear at each point in the casing when the assembly is at the calculation depth. This depth is displayed at the top of the chart.\
The casing wear is expressed at a depth in units of diameter. The depth of wear indicates depth of the groove which will be worn in to the side of the casing over a period of time.
* **Casing Wear Rotating:** This is the predicted wear on the casing when the string has 0 ROP. This calculation uses the rotating side force.
* **Casing Wear SO:** This is the predicted casing wear calculated using the reaming slack off. This calculation uses the slack off side force.
### 6.12.5.21 – Surge & Swab
This chart displays the surge and swab lines for each of the tripping speeds entered in the Trip Speeds table.
The Y axis corresponds to the bit depth regardless of what has been selected as the **Surge & Swab Reference** in the Hydraulics section. The results, however, display the calculated values at the surge & swab reference based on the bit position. So if for example you have the reference point selected as the bottom of the hole, when you look at the chart, it will be displaying the surge and swab pressures at the bottom of the hole, when the bit is at any given depth.
### 6.12.5.22 – Trip Speed Limits
This chart shows the maximum speed that you can trip in and out of the well, without causing surge & swab effects that would push the effective mud weight (EMW) beyond limits specified by the user. The Y-Axis shows the measured depth, while the X-Axis displays the tripping in/out speed.
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The minimum and maximum allowed EMW are set in the Input Parameters under the Advanced – Surge & Swab section
### 6.12.5.23 – Kick Tolerance
Displays the kick tolerance for the well, based on the inputs in the Well Control section, when the bit is at the depth specified on the Y-Axis.
The blue lines represents the kick tolerance for an influx, for the mud weight as well as ±0.5 MW units and ±1 MW units. The red lines represent the swab kick tolerance for the mud weight as well as ±0.5 MW units and ±1 MW units.
### 6.12.5.24 – 2D Line Charts
The 2D Line Charts page contains several charts that model the bending moment, deflection, rotation, contact force, shear, axial deflection, torsion, tension and torque in the BHA.
The X-Axis for every chart represents the distance along the BHA from the bit, while the Y-Axis represents the magnitude of each output being modelled.
A magenta line indicates the maximum value on each chart. Hover over a point on each chart to see more information, including the BHA component that is present at that point.
### 6.12.5.25 – 2D Contour Plots
The charts in the 2D Contour Plots model the same outputs as the 2D line charts. However, in every chart the Y-Axis shows the OD of the BHA components. The shape of each chart shows the high side deflection of the BHA.
For each chart, the chart is coloured to represent the magnitude of the output being modelled. Refer to the key beside each chart, or hover over a point on each chart to see the exact output value, including the BHA component that is present at that point.
### 6.12.5.26 – 3D Charts
The 3D Chart result visualises the BHA in a 3D space while displaying results from the 2D Contour Plots results.
The chart is centred on the work sight circle. Use the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard to move the work sight up and down the drill string. The overlay in the top left will display the BHA analysis output values for that point. The chart can be rotated by left-clicking and dragging the mouse, and can be zoomed in and out using the mouse scroll wheel. The size of the BHA on the chart represents the OD of each component, while the shape of the BHA represents the high side deflection at each point.
Beneath the chart are a number of options that can be toggled:
* **Wellbore**: Toggles the display of the wellbore.
* **Overlay:** Toggle this option off to hide the text overlay in the top left.
* **Contact Force:** When toggled on, the chart will display vector arrows that show the direction and magnitude of the contact force between the BHA and the wellbore.
* **Vertical Scale:** Toggles the Z-Axis of the chart, representing TVD.
* **Colour by Bending Moment:** When toggled on, the colour of the BHA represents the magnitude of the total bending moment output. When toggled off, it represents the shear load output.
* **Worksight:** Toggling this off will hide the work sight circle.
### 6.12.5.27 – Directional Tendency Chart
This chart predicts the build/drop rate of the BHA at a range of inclination values, against a range of either WOB or motor bend values specified by the user. The red lines represent sliding activity, and the blue lines represent rotating activity. The X-Axis displays the inclination of the wellbore, while the Y-Axis displays the predicted build rate. Hover over a point on a line to see the predicted build/drop rate at the specified inclination. Slide Sheet and EDR data can be overlaid on this chart.
### 6.12.5.28 – Critical RPM Chart
This chart shows the predicted BHA modes that the driller should avoid. A BHA mode is a combination of WOB/INC and RPM that cause lateral vibration in the drill string which coincides with the strings natural frequencies. This can cause excessive vibration in the string. Slide Sheet and EDR data can be overlaid on this chart.
### 6.12.5.29 – BHA Mode Shapes Chart
The BHA Mode Shapes chart is used in conjunction with the BHA Critical RPM chart. It displays the magnitude of each BHA mode identified in the Critical RPM chart, as well as the location of the vibration in the string. The Y-Axis displays the magnitude of the vibration, expressed as displacement from the centre line of the string. The X-Axis displays the position of the vibration in the string, expressed as distance from the bit.
Note that modes with a relatively large magnitude can distort the scale of the chart. To view a mode with a smaller magnitude, it can be useful to hide other modes by clicking on them in the legend.
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